Linux环境下一些主要实用数据结构简介

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1^# 大中小发表于 2007-7-7 00:38 只看该作者

Linux环境下一些主要实用数据结构简介

本文列出了Linux一些主要的实用数据结构。
block_dev_struct 8 m0 p. E* T" ^3 K/ z5 {
此结构用于向核心登记块设备，它还被buffer cache实用。所有此类结构都位于blk_dev数组中。
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struct blk_dev_struct {" Q' M% f8 F, q) S& k( K+ P' k
void (*request_fn)(void);
struct request * current_request;
struct request plug;
struct tq_struct plug_tq;
};
buffer_head
此结构包含关于buffer cache中一块缓存的信息。 : C& J9 |$ W  w  N4 Q* s

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/* bh state bits */
#define BH_Uptodate 0 /* 1 if the buffer contains valid data */
#define BH_Dirty 1 /* 1 if the buffer is dirty */
#define BH_Lock 2 /* 1 if the buffer is locked */
#define BH_Req 3 /* 0 if the buffer has been invalidated */
#define BH_Touched 4 /* 1 if the buffer has been touched (aging) */
#define BH_Has_aged 5 /* 1 if the buffer has been aged (aging) */$ {, b% F" u8 c8 [
#define BH_Protected 6 /* 1 if the buffer is protected */
#define BH_FreeOnIO 7 /* 1 to discard the buffer_head after IO */
struct buffer_head {' e* q% ~  |0 T3 e
/* First cache line: */
unsigned long b_blocknr; /* block number */
kdev_t b_dev; /* device (B_FREE = free) */
kdev_t b_rdev; /* Real device */
unsigned long b_rsector; /* Real buffer location on disk */
struct buffer_head *b_next; /* Hash queue list */. ?, W( ?! ?# f& B) m
struct buffer_head *b_this_page; /* circular list of buffers in one
page */$ Z8 E, G- P5 @/ e% p9 n- R
/* Second cache line: */
unsigned long b_state; /* buffer state bitmap (above) */  S$ Q* _' z, U+ A$ M3 L) u8 `
struct buffer_head *b_next_free;4 c! b/ N/ F& K& I' k
unsigned int b_count; /* users using this block */
unsigned long b_size; /* block size */; ~2 `& O: l- m, P
/* Non-performance-critical data follows. */
char *b_data; /* pointer to data block */
unsigned int b_list; /* List that this buffer appears */9 `$ ^1 F+ x' X. J5 M
unsigned long b_flushtime; /* Time when this (dirty) buffer* k* ^7 H& v/ b) i4 e$ N" ^6 \" D/ ?: p
* should be written */
unsigned long b_lru_time; /* Time when this buffer was
* last used. */) ~. \( e; N# ]" Z5 `; S
struct wait_queue *b_wait;' z6 J1 b5 L. o7 d# i3 V6 j8 d
struct buffer_head *b_prev; /* doubly linked hash list */
struct buffer_head *b_prev_free; /* doubly linked list of buffers */
struct buffer_head *b_reqnext; /* request queue */
};) o: x/ X, @6 O$ }! d
device # Y3 K$ a: u* u$ |& s$ i
系统中每个网络设备都用一个设备数据结构来表示。
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struct device
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/*
* This is the first field of the "visible" part of this structure
* (i.e. as seen by users in the "Space.c" file). It is the name8 ~- Q- k% R" g
* the interface.
*/9 ~5 G2 J0 U( G; b1 ^
char *name;
/* I/O specific fields */& ^; Y7 @, V/ q8 K
unsigned long rmem_end; /* shmem "recv" end */
unsigned long rmem_start; /* shmem "recv" start */
unsigned long mem_end; /* shared mem end */4 T' {; [1 J) E, S* a6 W
unsigned long mem_start; /* shared mem start */2 F/ V1 r& N! E2 Y3 p- l
unsigned long base_addr; /* device I/O address */! t' P, _" m( M2 {; x8 X" [
unsigned char irq; /* device IRQ number */4 s! H' }* G* s  N5 x9 L
/* Low-level status flags. */( P- X/ V8 ]4 y& G( [2 w$ U( Z
volatile unsigned char start, /* start an operation */
interrupt; /* interrupt arrived */
unsigned long tbusy; /* transmitter busy */+ g% Q$ U5 N* v- e; s5 F
struct device *next;, ]# s. V3 v. j- A& m' j, B
/* The device initialization function. Called only once. */  {( C: F! J* a* U! C, n  U
int (*init)(struct device *dev);/ e. B: d4 M5 G( J7 E, a2 g, D
/* Some hardware also needs these fields, but they are not part of
the usual set specified in Space.c. */9 H' i$ E6 {% S  x% ^. ]. A
unsigned char if_port; /* Selectable AUI,TP, */
unsigned char dma; /* DMA channel */- t! N* a* K3 p! z
struct enet_statistics* (*get_stats)(struct device *dev);
/*6 L( |& w5 \$ Y, e  E( T
* This marks the end of the "visible" part of the structure. All
* fields hereafter are internal to the system, and may change at
* will (read: may be cleaned up at will).
*/
/* These may be needed for future network-power-down code. */& O6 u2 \* w7 t. L
unsigned long trans_start; /* Time (jiffies) of last transmit */. J  g  k& x% }: l6 F& j( G
unsigned long last_rx; /* Time of last Rx */
unsigned short flags; /* interface flags (BSD)*/' H$ D2 _, F1 L( P( x( E
unsigned short family; /* address family ID */6 m5 h, p. Y! ^
unsigned short metric; /* routing metric */  b: A6 ~! S; z1 M
unsigned short mtu; /* MTU value */3 _, ?9 Y4 p# _: @
unsigned short type; /* hardware type */  P$ ]% S  D! o8 j+ D
unsigned short hard_header_len; /* hardware hdr len */
void *priv; /* private data */) J# e2 v) c' K% p1 l
/* Interface address info. */7 \! C. N2 [; @8 {# x: [7 I
unsigned char broadcast[MAX_ADDR_LEN];
unsigned char pad;
unsigned char dev_addr[MAX_ADDR_LEN];
unsigned char addr_len; /* hardware addr len */" n2 M% I7 y  B! n8 m
unsigned long pa_addr; /* protocol address */
unsigned long pa_brdaddr; /* protocol broadcast addr*/
unsigned long pa_dstaddr; /* protocol P-P other addr*/
unsigned long pa_mask; /* protocol netmask */  ^% [! ]' I. k+ M) C' ^
unsigned short pa_alen; /* protocol address len */
struct dev_mc_list *mc_list; /* M'cast mac addrs */
int mc_count; /* No installed mcasts */
struct ip_mc_list *ip_mc_list; /* IP m'cast filter chain */, C+ M/ T7 e, A# m% y
__u32 tx_queue_len; /* Max frames per queue */
/* For load balancing driver pair support */
unsigned long pkt_queue; /* Packets queued */( V  c3 Q# o! Y  ^) c3 O+ H9 o* J+ ?
struct device *slave; /* Slave device */; s" E4 b! J& g
struct net_alias_info *alias_info; /* main dev alias info */, S+ X) F3 ~" x
struct net_alias *my_alias; /* alias devs */  {* p3 ^2 j7 |0 c' U/ L- Z
/* Pointer to the interface buffers. */# T, X+ w" B0 z2 ]
struct sk_buff_head buffs[DEV_NUMBUFFS];8 k+ d9 B: k/ J5 ^2 a( D
/* Pointers to interface service routines. */
int (*open)(struct device *dev);8 k7 C) m, O( U2 j9 c, Z
int (*stop)(struct device *dev);
int (*hard_start_xmit) (struct sk_buff *skb,
struct device *dev);" D3 m1 v' a+ Y1 o) C" E# ]
int (*hard_header) (struct sk_buff *skb,
struct device *dev,' M3 t; t  p  ^+ ~' G3 {/ m% h
unsigned short type,( A; b' s$ h& |
void *daddr,
void *saddr," [3 i7 V" W7 }! K3 Q9 m, M
unsigned len);
int (*rebuild_header)(void *eth,. {! @/ D, M4 m! C) C  b
struct device *dev,
unsigned long raddr," ?, y; S$ y# k1 |( l
struct sk_buff *skb);
void (*set_multicast_list)(struct device *dev);8 F) h8 x  Q! i% \2 b) C8 [/ G
int (*set_mac_address)(struct device *dev,) F0 U/ [9 C& p9 ]; ?3 o" U
void *addr);2 G1 |- v7 k+ v  W6 y: A: M
int (*do_ioctl)(struct device *dev,
struct ifreq *ifr,. n8 ^; v% x) A& ?3 g! _
int cmd);/ T5 b' G  C- q* C7 ]( k
int (*set_config)(struct device *dev,
struct ifmap *map);, G4 Z0 W# b: v* K
void (*header_cache_bind)(struct hh_cache **hhp,% h6 ~9 h) T( H' |/ a
struct device *dev,
unsigned short htype,
__u32 daddr);
void (*header_cache_update)(struct hh_cache *hh,( E, |! r: e/ p# S) V
struct device *dev,, _! y, A2 C# u. H1 o4 L5 n
unsigned char * haddr);
int (*change_mtu)(struct device *dev,0 q. I0 n; S+ C3 d; j
int new_mtu);! s! x+ b& g# a) v( `" t
struct iw_statistics* (*get_wireless_stats)(struct device *dev);% d: q" N" c$ y: ]
};0 m) U9 k+ R9 `7 c8 @% b' W5 k0 d
device_struct
此结构被块设备和字符设备用来向核心登记（包含设备名称以及可对此设备进行的文件操作）。chrdevs和blkdevs中的每个有效分别表示一个字符设备和块设备。 ' \# {$ j3 q$ e6 y1 a2 K0 l
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struct device_struct {& _; U$ n0 J. t" h' `
const char * name;
struct file_operations * fops;4 q/ S- J& A0 D% F/ s- H6 s
};
file # M& \2 ^4 c$ p
每个打开的文件、套接口都用此结构表示。 # D& `& n# R$ l! B. R/ I' M0 L

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struct file {
mode_t f_mode;
loff_t f_pos;
unsigned short f_flags;
unsigned short f_count;, T% [6 `8 a' J1 [" K0 |
unsigned long f_reada, f_ramax, f_raend, f_ralen, f_rawin;* v2 u4 r; R% U% v
struct file *f_next, *f_prev;: L% O: F" M* g7 Q" |
int f_owner; /* pid or -pgrp where SIGIO should be sent */
struct inode * f_inode;1 u. y! k* [- m: o
struct file_operations * f_op;
unsigned long f_version;
void *private_data; /* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */
};
files_struct 4 w# D, s( r- J, q2 }. E, a6 I; q
描叙被某进程打开的所有文件。
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struct files_struct {. S; g$ T, T" j0 O7 `
int count;
fd_set close_on_exec;: I- b5 _# n# T: [6 g/ v( m, G7 E; \
fd_set open_fds;+ U# r4 |* A6 n, x! d: X/ r
struct file * fd[NR_OPEN];
};
fs_struct
struct fs_struct {% ]8 W5 F6 i) a0 \: ~- h0 [
int count;
unsigned short umask;! J4 k" `5 E4 p( u- w
struct inode * root, * pwd;
};
gendisk
包含关于某个硬盘的信息。用于磁盘初始化与分区检查时。 ' ?/ |5 k1 [9 `
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struct hd_struct {1 o- f7 i& P9 W- f/ M. t0 W
long start_sect;
long nr_sects;; E! H, Z4 J3 U7 y  i8 A
};
struct gendisk {. T7 m9 }2 Z3 V5 X1 }* }& I
int major; /* major number of driver */
const char *major_name; /* name of major driver */
int minor_shift; /* number of times minor is shifted to get real minor */# f, G* {4 D  N$ r; ~+ k8 }
int max_p; /* maximum partitions per device */# p/ y& R4 q; j0 a
int max_nr; /* maximum number of real devices */
void (*init)(struct gendisk *);
/* Initialization called before we do our thing */" e2 d4 G) q& E( M  p  d  @
struct hd_struct *part; /* partition table */
int *sizes; /* device size in blocks, copied to blk_size[] */
int nr_real; /* number of real devices */' ^: ^+ m) U4 v$ a9 i
void *real_devices; /* internal use */
struct gendisk *next;- ?* C" x2 \* p0 D; D( F
};
inode ; v$ N, v' \- d" G6 c# A+ \6 F+ V
此VFS inode结构描叙磁盘上一个文件或目录的信息。
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struct inode {  B1 }3 U7 {: ^$ {5 T! F1 W
kdev_t i_dev;
unsigned long i_ino;; j4 t9 [' H; M2 h
umode_t i_mode;
nlink_t i_nlink;
uid_t i_uid;# `5 m+ \. m' T) x) Q4 P
gid_t i_gid;
kdev_t i_rdev;9 a; f& Z$ O. G9 g, N
off_t i_size;
time_t i_atime;* Y% w0 D. T' S5 z6 y5 G
time_t i_mtime;8 [: A, D; \3 _: K
time_t i_ctime;
unsigned long i_blksize;9 p& ?/ {6 x' J2 p
unsigned long i_blocks;$ z7 W2 t% \" k% @4 c/ ]2 M
unsigned long i_version;
unsigned long i_nrpages;
struct semaphore i_sem;# g9 r; G5 z2 k; ?8 F8 y' n
struct inode_operations *i_op;
struct super_block *i_sb;
struct wait_queue *i_wait;
struct file_lock *i_flock;
struct vm_area_struct *i_mmap;
struct page *i_pages;( z6 w) U5 {/ E3 k8 g  b
struct dquot *i_dquot[MAXQUOTAS];& V8 G! v9 A! e/ V7 }; i# Y4 k
struct inode *i_next, *i_prev;
struct inode *i_hash_next, *i_hash_prev;7 B" O$ ~! @2 b1 P+ o+ W4 T2 J
struct inode *i_bound_to, *i_bound_by;
struct inode *i_mount;% R7 P  L- A* g& A3 d1 y, L- w
unsigned short i_count;
unsigned short i_flags;" F, n" v7 P0 S1 T. V$ ]! o0 v
unsigned char i_lock;* _9 F; f( P9 j( ^+ k
unsigned char i_dirt;
unsigned char i_pipe;5 b+ `6 `8 i% J) G+ ], g9 j
unsigned char i_sock;
unsigned char i_seek;* V/ l7 B# h, d" l, y
unsigned char i_update;
unsigned short i_writecount;
union {5 k# Q; e( j1 F. Y6 u* H2 q
struct pipe_inode_info pipe_i;$ Y8 F3 g& y! r. U( g7 x2 a' z
struct minix_inode_info minix_i;
struct ext_inode_info ext_i;. H) J9 e% P* x8 n
struct ext2_inode_info ext2_i;
struct hpfs_inode_info hpfs_i;
struct msdos_inode_info msdos_i;8 O$ i+ Z7 Q- g$ u3 V1 `
struct umsdos_inode_info umsdos_i;0 n( M, c  n2 i8 S
struct iso_inode_info isofs_i;' F, `& S- S, h; c( Z9 k7 |
struct nfs_inode_info nfs_i;+ P% M# R6 B& g% a5 r, }8 V+ C
struct xiafs_inode_info xiafs_i;
struct sysv_inode_info sysv_i;- I8 ^+ P2 B! _6 i6 v5 s
struct affs_inode_info affs_i;4 N& X  }- o6 N  L$ w4 T
struct ufs_inode_info ufs_i;6 k" F! d, n) ]+ c
struct socket socket_i;
void *generic_ip;' g& ~, Y5 i; F& ]
} u;5 d' F1 S  v9 D. E/ C% Y5 ^3 T
};" j* P0 p; i2 _4 \+ N$ p
ipc_perm
此结构描叙对一个系统V IPC对象的存取权限。

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struct ipc_perm
{4 M, |6 \( @  q. E. b! Y" O
key_t key;
ushort uid; /* owner euid and egid */
ushort gid;% O3 G+ O$ l# T. B+ k1 g% V, q
ushort cuid; /* creator euid and egid */
ushort cgid;
ushort mode; /* access modes see mode flags below */
ushort seq; /* sequence number */
};3 ^' Q% b, K" I0 {4 F3 j9 w
irqaction
用来描叙系统的中断处理过程。 * y1 O; I" r0 {8 }5 y, n

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struct irqaction {
void (*handler)(int, void *, struct pt_regs *);2 T/ X$ }. [& N5 F" M, H: D1 W8 T
unsigned long flags;$ G0 q6 z) O; Y! U3 u
unsigned long mask;
const char *name;; b" M3 B3 b9 Y$ d
void *dev_id;
struct irqaction *next;! a/ z3 I9 j5 X8 `- y! w
};
linux_binfmt
以上就是Linux中主要的数据结构及其功能，要想把Linux学好必须掌握这些数据结构。

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